GK SERIES FOR SSC,IAS,PCS,HAS,HCS
AND OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS
(HISTORY-16)
BAHMANI
KINGDOM
·
Bahmani Kingdom was a
parallel kingdom north of Vijayanagar in the same period.
·
It was founded in 1347 by Allaudin
Hassan who claimed himself to be descendent of a famous Iranian Royal
family and assumed title of ‘Bahman Shah’
·
He also had a Brahmin Guru,
Gangu, hence he is also known as ‘Hassan Gangu’
·
He made his capital in
Gulbarga in Karnataka.
The
important kings who expanded and consolidated the Bahmani Kingdom were:
1.
Taj-ud-din Firoz Shah Bahman (1397-1422):
·
He was educated and learned
man and knew many languages.
·
He built astronomical
observatory in Daulatabad.
·
He married daughter of Dev
Raya I and was later defeated by him.
·
He was succeeded by his
brother Ahmad Shah.
2.
Ahmad
Shah (1422-1435):
·
Also known as Wali as he was treated as Sufi Saint.
·
He shifted the capital from
Gulbarga to Bidar
·
A famous north Indian saint
Gesu Daraz (Long Haired), a saint of Chisti Silsila, visited during this
period.
3.
Mahmud Gawan
·
He was not king but Wazir-e-Sultanate under Muhhammad Shah III,
who was weak and was merely a puppet in hands of Mahmud Gawan.
·
He brought Bahmani kingdom
to its Zenith and its boundaries touched Orissa.
·
He divided the kingdom into
8 Atraf (provinces), each headed by a Governor.
·
He built a madrasa at Bidar
known as Mahmud Gawan Madrasa which attracted students from India and Central
Asia.
·
Delhi, Jaunpur and Bidar
became three important head quarters of Islamic religion.
·
In his period there was a
clash of Deccani and Afaquis in the court. Local population was known as
Deccani and Afaquis were basically outsiders, generally from north (from India,
Persia and Central Asia). Gawan, an Afaqui himself, was killed by Deccanis
·
After his death the kingdom
was divided into 5 kingdoms, which though were not large, but very strong. They
were:
o Berar
(Maharshtra) under Fatehullah Imad Ul Mulk in 1484 (Imad Shahi dynasty).
o Bijapur(Karnataka)
under Yusuf Adil Shah in 1489 (Adil Shahi dynasty).
o Ahmadnagar(Maharashtra)
under Malik Ahmad 1490 (Nizam Shahi dynasty).
o Golkonda (Andhra Pradesh) under Qutub Shah 1512 (Qutb Shahi
dynasty).
o Bidar (Karnataka) under Qasim Barid 1527 (Barid Shahi dynasty).
·
They fought
over trade, economy, commerce as well as agriculture, but in case if any one of
five Bahmani kingdoms had to fight with Vijayanagar Empire, they united to
fight against it.
·
Adil Shahi,
Nizam Shahi and Qutub Shahi were important and stronger than the other two
kingdoms.
·
These
kingdoms had great contribution in literature especially Urdu literature which
had no scope to flourish in north India as Persian was there official language.
·
In South,
Urdu was facing Telugu, Kannada and Marathi. Urdu became a lingua franca and
was official language of Bahmani Kingdoms.
·
Quli Qutub
Shah is regarded as first Urdu poet, his collection of poems is knowns as
Diwan-e-Qutub-e-Shahi
·
Wali
Deccani was another famous Urdu poet in Bahmani Kingdom
Bahmani Empire and Vijayanagar Empire had almost parallel
existence. These two kingdoms fought for almost 200 years over three regions:
·
Raichur
Doab (Between Krishna and Tungabhadra)
·
Area
between Krishna and Godavari Delta
·
Marathwada
Region
Raichur Doab was battle ground and the main bone of
contention between these Kingdoms. In
1565 in battle of Talicotta also known as battle of Banihatti, or Rakkasa
Tangdi, Vijaynagar was defeated.
Some facts about Bahmani Kingdoms:
·
Bijapur: Gol Gumbaj
was a biggest dome in India built by Mohd. Adil Shah.
·
Golconda: City of
Hyderabad and Charminar were built by Golconda empire. Also Quli Qutab Shah
built famous Golconda Fort.
·
Ahmadnagar Kingdom: The last decade of 16th century witnessed the rise of Chand
Bibi, the daughter of Hussain Nizam Shah I, as the de-facto ruler of Ahmadnagar.
She was the only women ruler of the Deccan sultanate in the medieval period.
·
Berar was
annexed by Ahmed Nagar Empire in 1572 C.E.
·
In 1618
C.E., Sultan Ibrahim Adil Shah II invaded Bidar and annexed it to Bijapur
kingdom.
